| Participants in this study will be adult individuals of both sexes, residing in Viçosa/MG or surrounding areas, who have not received nutritional follow-up in the past six months and who present health risks associated with obesity, according to the following criteria: Body fat percentage ≥ 20% for men and ≥ 30% for women; Age between 30 and 60 years; Waist circumference (men ≥ 90 cm, women ≥ 80 cm), plus at least two of the following criteria: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (men ≤ 40 mg/dL, women ≤ 50 mg/dL); triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL; Blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg. | |
| Pregnant or lactating women, as well as postmenopausal women, will not be included; athletes; shift workers; individuals with physical and/or intellectual disabilities; those with food intolerances or allergies; individuals with diabetes mellitus; autoimmune diseases or those using immunosuppressive drugs (e.g., HIV, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus); hormonal disorders (hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, Cushing’s syndrome); gastrointestinal diseases or disorders (gastritis, ulcers, esophagitis, dysphagia, chewing difficulties); individuals with inflammatory bowel diseases (ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, diverticulitis, celiac disease, irritable bowel syndrome); hepatic diseases (liver failure, hepatitis, cirrhosis), renal diseases (chronic kidney disease), pancreatitis, cardiovascular diseases (angina, acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure), eating disorders (anorexia, bulimia, binge eating disorder); cancer; recent infectious episode within the past month; history of illicit drug use and/or alcohol consumption > 21 and > 14 units/week for men and women, respectively; previous bariatric surgery; body weight instability (≥ 5% change in usual body weight) in the last three months; adherence to vegan, vegetarian, or restrictive diets; use of anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, antipsychotics, or antidepressants that may affect appetite and/or energy metabolism; use of vitamin, mineral, or omega-3 supplements; and use of fiber supplementation (e.g., psyllium, inulin). | |